MODERN CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE INVESTIGATION OF PLACENTAL TISSUE IN PLACENTAL ABRUPTION
Keywords:
placental abruption; placenta; placental pathology; morphometryAbstract
Objective. To perform a comprehensive clinical, morphological, macroscopic, microscopic, morphometric, and immunohistochemical assessment of placental tissue in placental abruption. Materials and methods. A total of 157 placentas obtained after delivery were examined. The study group included 127 women with placental abruption, while the control group consisted of 30 women with physiological pregnancies and uncomplicated deliveries. Clinical evaluation, gross pathological examination, organometric measurements, histological analysis, computer-assisted morphometry.Results. Gross examination revealed decreased placental weight, retroplacental hematomas, ischemic infarctions, and marked vascular abnormalities. Histological evaluation showed thrombosis of chorionic villous vessels, fibrinoid necrosis of vascular walls, disruption of villous architecture, and signs of chronic placental insufficiency. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a reduction in functional villous dimensions together with an increased thickness of the syncytiocapillary membrane. Conclusion. Comprehensive clinical, morphological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical evaluation provides objective evidence of structural and functional placental alterations associated with placental abruption and may improve the diagnosis of placental dysfunction and prediction of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.
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