TOLERANTLIK VA EKOLGIYA MADANIYATI ISLOM AN'ANASIDA
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Qur'onning ekologik etikasi, ekologiyasi, teosentrizm, antroposentrizm, amana (ishonch) va tavhid (birlik)##article.abstract##
Ekologik etika zamonaviy ekologik munozarada tobora muhim omilga aylanib, diniy tadqiqotlar va ekologik gumanitar fanlardan keng qiziqish uyg'otmoqda. Qur'on antroposentrizmga qarshi chiqadigan va tabiiy dunyoga hurmat bilan munosabatda bo'lishga asos soladigan chuqur axloqiy va kosmologik ma'nolarga boy manba sifatida keng tan olingan. Qur'on dunyoqarashining o'ziga xos xususiyati barcha jonzotlarni ruhan ongli va ilohiy ijodda faol ishtirok etuvchi deb tan olishdir. Ushbu teosentrik qarash zamonaviy Markaziy Osiyoda hukmronlik qilayotgan ierarxik va antroposentrik talqinlarga qarshi chiqadi. So'nggi yigirma yil ichida Sara Tlili va Anna M. Gade kabi olimlar Qur'onni chuqur ekologik tushunchaga olib chiqish uchun katta sa'y-harakatlar qildilar. Ularning yozuvlarida iqlim o'zgarishi va atrof-muhitning yomonlashuvi fonida inson vitse-shohligi (xalifasi) kontseptsiyasini qayta ko'rib chiqish zarurligi ta'kidlanadi. Biroq, tadqiqotlar tobora ko'payib borayotganiga qaramay, kam sonli tadqiqotlar islom metafizikasi, ayniqsa tavhid (birlik) va amana (ishonch) kabi tushunchalarni ekologik etikada qanday qo'llash mumkinligi masalasiga bag'ishlangan. Ushbu maqola Markaziy Osiyodagi germenevtik tahlil va etnografik ma'lumotlarni birlashtirib, Qur'on qanday qilib ma'naviy integratsiyalashgan ekologiyani ilhomlantirayotganini namoyish etish orqali bu bo'shliqni to'ldirishga harakat qiladi. Tadqiqot adolat va rahm-shafqat atrof-muhitga g'amxo'rlik qilishning axloqiy majburiyatlari sifatida qanday namoyon bo'lishini va insonni Xudoning yaratgani sifatida tushunish inson va tabiat o'rtasidagi yanada barqaror o'zaro aloqaga qanday olib kelishini ko'rsatadi. Shunday qilib, ushbu maqola G'arb dunyoviyligiga asoslangan zamonaviy ekologik munozaraga qarshi chiqadigan va boyitadigan teosentrik paradigmaga hissa qo'shadi. Ekologik etikani tushunish bo'yicha islomiy nuqtai nazar ekologik plyuralizm va inklyuzivlikka asoslanadi.
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