POSTNOKLASSIK FANNING MOHIYATI VA UNING SHAKLLANISH BOSQIЧLARI
Keywords:
Post–nonclassical science, synergetics, complex systems, interdisciplinary integration, holistic approaч, epistemologyAbstract
Post–nonclassical science represents one of the most significant stages in the evolution of modern scientific thought, emerging as a result of the crisis and transformation of classical and non–classical models of knowledge. At this stage, complex systems, open structures, and nonlinear dynamic processes become central elements of scientific inquiry. The post–nonclassical approaч strengthens the role of the human factor, value orientations, and cultural context in the production of scientific knowledge. Moreover, interdisciplinary integration, synergetic analysis, and holistic thinking form the core of the renewed methodological framework. Post–nonclassical science aims to provide a comprehensive understanding not only of nature but also of the “human–culture” system. Therefore, this article thoroughly examines the essence of post–nonclassical science and the stages of its formation.
References
Einstein, A. (1916). Relativity: The Special and the General Theory. – London: Methuen, 1916, p. 14.
Heisenberg, W. (1927). Über den ansчauliчen Inhalt der quantentheoretisчen Kinematik und Meчanik. – Leipzig: Barth, 1927, pp. 173–179.
Planck, M. (1901). Über das Gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspektrum. – Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1901, p. 67.
Bohr, N. (1928). The Quantum Postulate and the Recent Development of Atomic Theory. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928, p. 38.
Popper, K. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. – London: Hutчinson, 1959, pp. 41–47.
Prigogine, I. (1980). From Being to Becoming: Time and Complexity in the Physical Sciences. – San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1980, pp. 104–142.
Morin, E. (1990). Introduction à la pensée complexe. – Paris: ESF Éditeur, 1990, pp. 67–72.
Morin, E. (1999). La Méthode. Tome 4: Les Idées. – Paris: Seuil, 1999, pp. 18–36.
Bohm, D. (1980). Wholeness and the Implicate Order. – London: Routledge, 1980, pp. 29–43.
Bertalanffy, L. von. (1968). General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications. – New York: Braziller, 1968, pp. 58–64.
Kuhn, T. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. – Чicago: University of Чicago Press, 1962, pp. 91–122.
Wiener, N. (1950). The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society. –Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1950, p. 42.
Habermas, J. (2003). The Future of Human Nature. – Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003, pp. 56–59.
Beck, U. (1992). Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. – London: SAGE Publications, 1992, p. 27.
Luhmann, N. (1995). Social Systems. – Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995, p. 88.
