CHRONIC RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral ulcer, mucosal inflammation, immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, preventionAbstract
Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (CRAS) is a prevalent inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, characterized by recurrent, painful ulcerations of multifactorial etiology. This review aims to summarize current evidence on the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of CRAS, emphasizing immunological, microbial, genetic, and nutritional aspects. A comprehensive review of relevant literature published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. CRAS is linked to immune dysregulation, genetic susceptibility, local trauma, nutritional deficiencies, and psychological stress. Its management remains primarily symptomatic and preventive, focusing on pain relief, promotion of healing, and recurrence reduction. Both topical and systemic therapies, along with emerging modalities such as low-level laser therapy, show promise in improving clinical outcomes. CRAS remains a complex and multifactorial condition requiring an individualized, multidisciplinary approach. Future advances in immunopathogenesis and biologic therapy may enhance long-term remission rates.
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