INGLIZ JINOYAT HUQUQIDA “MENS REA” (AYB) VA“ACTUS REUS” (JINOIY QILMISH):TUSHUNCHASI, BELGILARI VA QIYOSIY TAHLILI
##article.subject##:
corpus delicti, actus reus, mens rea, an’anaviy ilmiy konsepsiya, alternativ (muqobil) ilmiy konsepsiya, actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea, jinoiy harakat, harakatsizlik##article.abstract##
Mazkur maqolada tadqiq etishning mantiqiylik, induksiya, deduksiya, tizimlilik, mantiqiy-yuridik, qiyosiy-huquqiy metodlaridan keng foydalanilgan. Jumladan, birinchi navbatda ingliz jinoyat huquqida “actus reus” (jinoiy qilmish) va “mens rea” (ayb):tushunchasi va belgilari, ular to‘g‘risidagi olimlarining ilmiy qarashlari, tadqiqotlari, ular o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro o‘xshash va farqli jihatlar haqida atroflicha bayon qilingan. Shuningdek, unda anglo-sakson huquq oilasi jinoyat huquqida “actus reus-mens rea” asoslangan jinoiy qilmish jinoiy javobgarlikka tortishda markaziy o‘rinni egallashi, ammo romano-german huquq oilasidan farqli ravishda jinoiy javobgarlikka tortishning yagona asosi hisoblanmasligiga alohida urg‘u berilgan. Mens rea(ayb, ruhiy munosabat) jinoyatning subyektiv elementi hisoblananishi va ingliz jinoyat huquqida uni qonunchilik, jinoyat huquqi doktrinasi va amaliyotda inobatga olmaslik holatlari uchrab turishi aytilgan. Shu bilan birga anglo-sakson huquq oilasi, ya’ni ingliz jinoyat huquqiga oid ilmiy tadqiqotlari va adabiyotlarini o‘rganish natijasida corpus delicti(jinoyat tarkibi) va jinoyat to‘g‘risidagi konsepsiyalarni ikkita katta guruhga ajratilgan. Ular an’anaviy ilmiy konsepsiya va alternativ (muqobil) ilmiy konsepsiyalardir. Birinchi ilmiy konsepsiya. namoyondalari J.Austin, M.Moore, D.Husak, G.Fletcher, H.Morris, M.Gorr, A.Enker, W.Blackstone, G.Williams va boshqalarning ilmiy ishlari atroflicha tahlil qingan. Ikkinchi ilmiy konsepsiya namoyondalari P.Robinson va boshqalar hisoblanishi hamda “ingliz jinoyat huquqi “actus reus – mens rea” farqidan voz kechish kerakmi?”, degan g‘oya ilgari surilganligi aytilgan. Jinoyat tarkibi belgilari va anglo-sakson huquq oilasida mavjud “actus reus”(jinoiy qilmish) va mens rea(ayb) konsepsiyasining qiyosiy-huquqiy tahlili asosida quyidagi xulosaga kelingan: 1) Kontinental huquq oilasi jinoyat huquqi nazariyasi va qonunchiligida har bir jinoyat to‘rtta tomondan iborat jinoyat tarkibiga ega bo‘ladi. Anglo-sakson huquq oilasida esa jinoyat ikki elementli tarkib iborat. Ular actus reus-mens rea – jinoiy qilmish-aybli ong majmui bo‘lishi talab etiladi; 2) Kontinental huquq oilasi jinoyat huquqi nazariyasi va qonunchiligida jinoyat tarkibi tomonlari ajralmas bir butunlikda bo‘ladi. Jinoyat tarkibi tomonlari o‘ziga xos alomatlar yig‘indisidan iborat bo‘ladi. Jinoyatni kvalifikatsiya qilishda jinoyat tarkibining har qaysi tomonini ifodalovchi belgilarning barchasi tahlil qilingan holda inobatga olinadi. Umumiy huquq oilasida esa “actus reus”ning mavjud bo‘lishi aybdorni jinoiy javobgarlikka tortish uchun sabab, asos hisoblanadi. Jinoiy qilmishga bo‘lgan ruhiy munosabat “mens rea” mavjud bo‘lish yoki bo‘lmasligi ahamiyat kasb etmaydi (an’anaviy yondashuv)
Библиографические ссылки
Cross N. Criminal justice, actus reus and mens rea //Forensic Psychology, Crime and Policing. – Policy Press, 2023. – P. 108-113., Sarch A. F. Knowledge, Recklessness and the Connection Requirement Between Actus Reus and Mens Rea //Penn St. L. Rev. – 2015. – Vol. 120. – P. 1-44., Watt, M. A. (2019). Guido and the guilty mind: Mens rea and actus reus in Inferno 27. Forum Italicum, 53(2), – P. 318-326. https://doi.org/10.1177/0014585819831969.
Mallorquí-Ruscalleda E. The Elements of a Crime: a Brief Study on Actus Reus and Mens Rea. Revista Internacional d’Humanitats [U of São Paulo / Instituto Jurídico Interdisciplinar – U of Porto/Autonomous U of Barcelona]49. 2020. – P: 69-76.
De Caro M. “Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea”. The Concept of Guilt in the Age of Cognitive Science // Neuroscience and Law: Complicated Crossings and New Perspectives. – 2020. – P. 69-79.
John Austin, Lectures On Jurisprudence 523 (4th Ed. 1873)., Michael S. Moore, Act And Crime: The philosophy of action and its implications for criminal Law 18 (1993)., Douglas N. Husak, The Orthodox model of the criminal offense, 10 Crim. Just. Ethics 20, 21 (1991)., George Fletcher, On the moral irrelevance of bodily movements, 142 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1443 (1994)., Herbert Morris, Punishment for thoughts, guilt and innocence: Essays in legal philosophy and moral psychology 197 (1989), Michael Gorr, The Actus Reus requirement: A qualified defense, 10 Crim. Just. Ethics 11 (1991)., Arnold N. Enker, Impossibility in criminal attempts–legality and the legalprocess, 53 Minn. L. Rev. 665, 687 (1969)., Sir William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book IV, P. 21 (10th Ed. 1787)., Glanville Williams, Criminal Law: The General Part 22 (2d. Ed. 1961)., Glanville Williams, Criminal Law: The General Part 22 (2d. Ed. 1961).
Cornford, A., & Petzsche, A. (2020). Terrorism Offences. In K. Ambos, A. Duff, J. Roberts, T. Weigend, & A. Heinze (Eds.), Core Concepts in Criminal Law and Criminal Justice: Volume I (pp. 172-210). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108649742.006
Robinson P. H. Should the Criminal Law Abandon the Actus Reus-Mens Rea Distinction? //The Structure and Limits of Criminal Law. – London: Routledge, 2017. – P. 3-28. // https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315085159
Contreras J.C.A Concept of Type of Crime without Mens Rea? On the Inseparableness of Actus Reus and Mens Rea in Crime Theory //Ann. Fac. Der. U. Extremadura. – 2020. – Т. 36. – P. 525., Kritika A., Dhawan A. The changing concepts of actus reus & mens rea in the contemporary society. – 2019. – P. 26-35.? Chaudhary S., Siddiqui F. Understanding the Concept of Crime and Criminology //Journal of Legal Subjects (JLS) ISSN 2815-097X. – 2023. – Т. 3. – №. 02. – P. 33-41.
Cross N. Criminal justice, actus reus and mens rea // Forensic Psychology, Crime and Policing. – Policy Press, 2023. – P. 108-113., Aishatu Musa; Kaumi Alkali Kalli;& Adda Gana. Understanding the concept of crime from a perspective viewpoints // International Journal of Law, Politics & Humanities Research Published by Cambridge Research and Publications – 2023. – P. 75-80., Classmann S. Guilty Acts, Guilty Minds by Stephen P Garvey //University of Toronto Law Journal. – 2022. – Т. 72. – №. 1. – P. 148-152.
Paul H. Robinson, Should the Criminal Law abandon the Actus Reus – Mens Rea distinction? Criminal Law: Action, Value And Structure 187, 209 (S. Shute, J. Gardner & J. Horder, Eds. 1993. Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: March 2012)., John Austin, Lectures on Jurisprudence 523 (4th Ed. Publisher: London, J. Murray. 1873, [S.l.]: Book on demand LTD, 2022)., A.C.E. Lynch, The Mental element in The Actus Reus, 98 L. Q. Rev. 116, 128 (1982).
Glanville Williams, Criminal Law: The General Part 22 (2d. Ed. 1961, Holmes Beach Florida: Gaunt Reprint, 1998) 644.
James Mangiafico, The Independence Of Actus reus 11 (2011) (Mangiafico, James, The Independence of the Actus Reus (February 17, 2011). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1763352 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1763352).
H.L.A. Hart. Acts of will and responsibility in punishment and responsibility 100 (1968 Publisher: Cary: Oxford Scholarship Online, 2014.)
George P. Fletcher, Rethinking Criminal Law 166 (Originally published: Boston : Little, Brown, c1978. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.).
Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Common Law 54 (1881 Publisher: London: Routledge, 2020.)
J.W.Cicil Turner, Kenny’s outlines of Criminal Law. 18, P. 30 (19th Ed. Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 1966. Cambridge University Press; 18th edition (September 19, 2013)).
Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Common Law 54 (1881 Publisher: London: Routledge, 2020.) – P. 54.
Glanville Williams,Criminal Law:The General Part 22 (2d.Ed.1961,Holmes Beach Florida:Gaunt Reprint,1998) 12.
James Mangiafico, The Independence Of Actus reus 11 (2011) (Mangiafico, James, The Independence of the Actus Reus (February 17, 2011). – P. 15, 29 Available at SSRN: ttps://ssrn.com/abstract=1763352 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1763352).
J.W.Cicil Turner, Kenny’s outlines of Criminal Law. 18, P. 53 (19th Ed. Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 1966. Cambridge University Press; 18th edition (September 19, 2013)).
Ochilov X.R., Xaydarov Sh.D., Shamsidinov Z.Z. “Jinoyat huquqi” (Umumiy qism). O‘quv qo‘llanma – T.: TDYU nashriyoti, 2021. – B.34. (Ochilov Kh.R., Khaydarov Sh.D., Shamsidinov Z.Z. “Criminal Law” (General Part). Textbook – T.: TSYU Publishing House, 2021. – P.34.)
La Fave W.R., Scott, Jr., A. W. Op. Cit. P. 202.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Jinoyat kodeksi. 55-56-moddalar. https://www.lex.uz/acts/111453 // Qonun hujjatlari ma’lumotlari milliy bazasi, 11.05.2023 y., 03/23/841/0270-son. (Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Articles 55-56. https://www.lex.uz/acts/111453 // National database of legislative documents, 11.05.2023, No. 03/23/841/0270.)
Jinoyat huquqi. (Umumiy qism) Darslik. Mas’ul muharrir: yu.f.f.d (PhD) X.Ochilov – T.: Adolat nashriyoti, 2020. – B.41. (Criminal Law. (General Part) Textbook. Responsible Editor: Ph.D. (PhD) Kh.Ochilov – T.: Adolat Publishing House, 2020. –)
Кузнецова Н.Ф. Проблемы квалификaции преступлений. М., 2007. – С. 11., Трайнин А. Н. Общее учение о составе преступления. М., 1957., Кузнецова Н. Ф. Состав преступления: спорные вопросы // Вестн. Моск. ун-та. Сер.: Право. 1987. № 4.1. – С. 21-29., Кудрявцев В. Н. Объективная сторона преступления. М., 1960. С. 46–47. (Kuznetsova N.F. Problems of Crime Qualification. Moscow, 2007. – P. 11., Trainin A.N. General Doctrine of the Crime Elements. Moscow, 1957., Kuznetsova N.F. Crime Elements: Controversial Issues // Vestn. Moscow University. Series: Law. 1987. No. 4.1. – P. 21-29., Kudryavtsev V.N. Objective Side of the Crime. Moscow, 1960. P. 46-47.)
Молчанов Д.М. Актуальные проблемы уголовного права: Общая часть: учебное пособие. – Москва: Проспект, 2016. – С. 16. (Molchanov D.M. Current issues of criminal law: General part: textbook. – Moscow: Prospect, 2016. – P. 16.)
Usmonaliyev M., Bakunov P. Jinoyat huquqi. Umumiy qism: Darslik. – Toshkent: Nasaf, 2010. – B. 128. (Usmonaliyev M., Bakunov P. Criminal law. General part: Textbook. – Tashkent: Nasaf, 2010. – P. 128.)
Якубов А.С. Теоритические проблемы формирования правовой основы учения о преступлений: предпосылки, реальность, перспективы. - Т., 1996, – С. 95., Rustambayev M.X. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi jinoyat huquqi kursi. Tom 1. Jinoyat haqida ta’limot. Darslik. 2-nashr, to‘ldirilgan va qayta ishlangan – T.: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Milliy gvardiyasi Harbiy-texnik instituti, 2018. – B. 137., Nayimov.S.S. Qilmishni jinoiy huquqiy normalar raqobatida kvalifikatsiya qilishning nazariy va amaliy masalalari. Diss...Yurid.fan.nom. – Toshkent, 2003. – B.61.,Jinoyat huquqi.(Umumiy qism) Darslik. Mas’ul muharrir: yu.f.f.d (PhD) X.Ochilov – T.: Adolatnashriyoti, 2020. – B. 41. (Yakubov A.S. Theoretical problems of the formation of the legal basis of the doctrine of crimes: prerequisites, reality, prospects. - T., 1996, - P. 95., Rustambayev M.Kh. Criminal law course of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Volume 1. Doctrine of crime. Textbook. 2nd edition, supplemented and revised – T.: Military-technical institute of the National Guard of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2018. – P. 137., Nayimov.S.S. Theoretical and practical issues of qualifying a crime in the competition of criminal legal norms. Diss...Jurid.fan.nom. – Tashkent, 2003. – P.61.,Criminal law. (General part) Textbook. Responsible editor: yu.f.f.d (PhD) Kh.Ochilov – T.: Adolat publishing house, 2020. – P. 41.)
