CONCEPT, TYPES AND STAGES OF QUALIFICATION OF CRIMES
Keywords:
crime, qualification, subject of crime, composition of a crime, stages of qualification, resolution, criminal law normAbstract
In this article, the author analyzes the qualification of an offense, the types and stages of qualification, as well as the classification of offense qualification based on various criteria. The author has developed a theoretical definition of these stages and highlighted the theoretical and practical significance of the concepts. Additionally, the article examines the role and significance of the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan in matters of offense qualification, identifies three stages of qualification considering the subjects and the importance of the qualification process, and analyzes the content of each stage. The author emphasizes that for the application of punishment, it is necessary to officially record and establish the existence of criminal-law relations in a procedural form. This includes: determining the legal fact that served as the basis for the emergence of the crime; identifying the subject matter of the legal relationship; and establishing its content, i.e., which criminal law norm encompasses it. These tasks are carried out by investigative bodies, pretrial investigation authorities, and the court, and are documented in procedural records for the qualification of the offense. The qualification of an offense implies the application of a legal norm as a key, though not the sole, structural element. The stages of qualification should be understood as the steps in selecting the applicable criminal law norm. When the circumstances of the crime are clearly established, the selection of the legal norm and the qualification of the offense can be completed instantly, ensuring the accurate reflection of the events and the consistency of the evaluation until the case is reviewed by a supervisory body. An experienced lawyer, after reviewing the case materials, can draw a conclusion about the composition of the committed offense based on the identified elements, even without a detailed (at least external) comparison of these elements with the provisions of the law.
However, in cases involving concealed or unclear crimes, difficulties may arise in determining the applicable criminal law norm. This complicates the establishment of the fact of the offense and its qualification. The first stage of offense qualification is determining whether a crime has been committed and forming a general understanding of its characteristics.
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