SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO LEGAL PROBLEMS OF PRIVATE LAND OWNERSHIP
Keywords:
The concept of ownership, scientific and methodological approach of ownership, ownership of land, land as an object of nature, constitutional foundations of private ownership of land, civil legislation, land legislation, land as an object of ownership, reform of civil legislationAbstract
Scientific and methodological analysis and, accordingly, theoretical substantiation of the legal foundations is an important component for the effective regulation of public relations between subjects in various spheres of interaction of the society–state system. The scientific doctrine has developed various concepts of property rights, which Hugo Mattei divides into two large groups: the "positivist" concept – the right of ownership comes from the state, i.e. the state delegates its authority to the individual and the concept of "natural law" – the right of ownership stands above the state; such a right is not the authority of the state delegated to individuals But it belongs to the natural rights of individuals, which the State is obliged to respect in order to maintain its legitimacy. In our opinion, the right of ownership comes from the state and law, because law establishes the rules of an individual's behavior in relations with other people about their belongings, observed under threat of the use of state power. In many works of civil scientists, the right of ownership is characterized as an absolute right. However, a number of scientists in the field of land law refute this property, believing that the use of the term "exclusive" is more correct, with the caveat that the right of ownership is relatively exclusive, the right to exclude other persons is limited. Land as a natural object, as the basis of human life and activity, is the subject of legal regulation exclusively of public (land or environmental) law. And land as a natural resource, i.e. as property, acts as an object of both civil and public law regulation, while public rights to land to a certain extent take precedence over civil rights due to the general constitutional priority of the public value of land as a natural object over its private legal value as a natural resource. In the Civil Code, it is necessary to fix an independent chapter on the provisions of "Ownership rights and other property rights to land plots", where it is necessary to specify the legal regime of a land plot as an object of ownership and other property rights, the limits of the exercise of ownership of a land plot, the grounds for the acquisition and termination of ownership rights.
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