THE ROLE OF MAHMUD ZAMAKHSHARI IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY ENVIRONMENT OF 12TH-CENTURY KHOREZM

Abstract

When we look at the culture of ancient Khorezm, we are convinced that the gathering of scholars of various fields such as jurisprudence, exegesis, hadith, rhetoric, and eloquence in one region led to the rise of science and literature in this environment to a high level. Also, the fact that scholars traveled to distant cities such as Baghdad, Syria, Egypt, Mecca, and Medina in search of knowledge is a clear sign of their sincerity and love for science and education. When it comes to the scientific and literary environment of Khorezm in the 12th century, it is necessary to recognize the great contribution of Abul Qasim Mahmud Zamakhshari. Zamakhshari's books on purely religious and social topics such as tafsir, hadith, jurisprudence, usuli fiqh, kalam ilmi, erosi ilmi demonstrate the scholar's great status in the field of theology, while his scientific and literary heritage on purely linguistic and literary topics, in particular, on the phonetics, morphology, syntax of the Arabic language, the science of rhetoric that determines the theoretical basis of literature, lexicography, the art of preaching, and the rules of poetic criticism (literary criticism), determine the level of not only the ancient Khorezm literary environment, but also the entire Eastern philology of the 12th century. In addition, Zamakhshari's fruitful scientific and literary activity demonstrates the greatness of his contribution to the development and advancement of not only Khorezm, but also the entire Eastern scientific and literary environment, and the high position he occupied.