GERMAN MENNONITES IN THE KHIVAN KHANATE
Keywords:
Mennonites, Menno Simons, Alexander II, Muhammad Rahim Khan II, Okmachit, agriculture, animal husbandry, crafts, Wilhelm PannerAbstract
This article, based on a comparative analysis of available sources, describes the way of life, lifestyle, economy, and historical fate of German Mennonites who settled in the Turkestan region in the last quarter of the 19th century. The Germans of this Protestant movement, which separated from the Anabaptist sect of Christianity in the 16th century, were called Mennonites. Their name signifies obedience, and according to their religious beliefs, they considered actions such as owning weapons and participating in wars to be terrible deeds and called them sins. Therefore, they were compelled to leave their homeland and embark on a journey.
About 140 years ago, a group of German and Dutch people migrated to the Khiva Khanate. These foreigners, known as Mennonites, managed to leave a unique mark on the history of Khwarazm. The hardworking and traditional Mennonite community lived in Khorezm for more than 50 years, leaving a significant impact on the life and lifestyle of the local population. The people of Khorezm respected the Mennonites for their independence and strict adherence to discipline.
References
Хайитов Ж. Ш. Россия империясининг кўчириш сиёсати ва немис-меннонитлар тақдири. Научнй вестник. №1/2018. – Андижан, 2020.
Nurmuhammad Said. Xorazmni o‘zgartirgan nemislar – Xiva xonligida yashagan mennonitlar hayoti va og‘ir qismati. https://kun.uz/news/2021/11/17/xorazmni-ozgartirgan-nemislar-xiva-xonligida-yashagan-mennonitlar-hayoti-va-ogir-qismati?q=%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F17%2Fxorazmni-ozgartirgan-nemislar-xiva-xonligida-yashagan-mennonitlar-hayoti-va-ogir-qismati
Лыкошин Н.С. Немцы в Хиве // Туркестанское слово. – 1917 от 7 окт. – № 34.
Матвеев А. М. К вопросу о выходцах из Германии в Средней Азии в конце ХIХ - начале ХХ в. // Науч. труды ТашГУ. Вып. 392. – Ташкент, 1970.
Нильсон В. А. У истоков современного градостроительства Узбекистана (ХIХ – начало ХХ в.). – Ташкент, 1988.
Справка НКВД СССР о выселении кулачества и антисоветского элемента в первой половине 1935 г. См. Сталинские депортации. 1928 – 1953 / Под общей редакцией акад. А.Н. Яковлева. – М.: МФД: Материк, 2005.
Иноятова Д. М. История немецкой диаспоры Узбекистана (вторая половина XIX – начало XXI века). Автореферат диссертации доктора исторических наук (DSc). – Ташкент, 2020.
Нур Ахмад . Хоразм немислари. – Ташкент, 2019.
