CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN AZERBAIJAN DURING THE “CULTURAL REVOLUTION” (20-30 s OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY)
Keywords:
Azerbaijan, Red terror, Nizami, Soviet, ReligionAbstract
After the collapse of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (April 28, 1920), despite some progress in science and education within the framework of the “Cultural Revolution” in the Soviet Empire, general situation was very complicated. Communists tried to reorganize national cultures in the spirit of Soviet ideology, to force people to forget national memory, to tear historical, cultural and spiritual ties between the Turkic peoples, especially the Azerbaijani and Turkish Turks. Owing to this policy, from 1937, national identity of Azerbaijanis were shown their in their passports not “Turkish” but “Azerbaijani”, and language “Azerbaijani”. From 1923 partially, and from 1929 was fully converted to Latin alphabet. After transition to Latin alphabet in the Republic of Turkey (1928) - on July 11, 1939, Cyrillic alphabet began to be used in Azerbaijan.
Communist ideologues were almost hostile to classical literature, calling to write under slogan “down with neutral art, poet and poetry”. The idea of erecting monuments to such thinkers as Nizami, Fizuli and Sabir was considered a betrayal of the “communism”. Ashugs, who for centuries glorified pure love, national heroes and natural beauties, now sang about Lenin and Stalin, construction of collective farm, “Ilyich lamp” and ”Red Army”. National musical instruments - tar, kaman, balaban, etc. were ridiculed in periodicals demanding to be get out of use as a “remnant of the past”. Attacks on chadra, papakh, religious and national holidays became main directions for communism struggle. Clergy were persecuted, mosques, places of worship and belief were destroyed or turned into storehouses, theaters, clubs, and libraries. Protesters were arrested, sent to exile, or shot. In these processes, members of the “Union of the godlesses”, founded in 1925, were also active.
Although almost a century has passed since these events, which entered our
history as the “red terror”, its bitter consequences are still felt.
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