HISTORICAL FORMATION OF THE IRRIGATION AND LAND-RECLAMATION SYSTEM OF KASHKADARYA REGION: PHYSICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS, WATER RESOURCES AND THE SOVIET LEGACY
Keywords:
Qashqadaryo viloyati, irrigatsiya, melioratsiya, suv resurslari, Qarshi choʻli, Qarshi magistral kanali, miroblik, ikkilamchi shoʻrlanish, sovet davri merosiAbstract
The article presents a historical analysis of the formation of the irrigation and land-reclamation system of Kashkadarya region before 1991. It shows that the region’s physical-geographical conditions, the scarcity of water resources, the seasonal regime of river flow and soil-hydrogeological conditions made irrigated farming and land reclamation a decisive precondition of regional economic development. Drawing on archival documents, periodicals and scholarly literature, the paper examines the traditional irrigation culture, the institution of mirabs and the changes of the colonial and Soviet periods, in particular the construction of the Eskianhor canal, the Chimkurgan reservoir, the Karshi hydraulic complex and the pumping cascade of the Karshi Main Canal. It is substantiated that on the eve of independence the region possessed a vast but energy-intensive water-management complex, dependent on centralised financing and cotton monoculture and burdened with serious reclamation problems.
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Qashqadaryo viloyati Suv xoʻjaligi boshqarmasi muzeyi materiallari.
