COMMENTS ON THE HISTORY OF THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE BUKHARA EMIRATE AND THE KOKAND KHANATE FOR JIZZAKH, URA-TYUBE AND KHUZHAND

Abstract

The article analyzes the history of political and military struggles between the Bukhara Emirate and the Kokand Khanate in the 18th–19th centuries for the strategically important cities of Jizzakh, Uratepa, and Khujand, as well as the adjacent territories. The main factors in the transformation of these cities into centers of competition between the two states were their geographical location, control over important trade routes, economic opportunities, and military-strategic importance. The study covers the territorial expansion of the Kokand Khanate in the 18th century, the capture of Khujand and Uratepa, the clashes between Bukhara and Kokand for Jizzakh and Uratepa at the beginning of the 19th century, as well as the role of Tashkent and Khujand in regional political processes. The internal political instability in the Kokand Khanate in the second half of the 19th century, the participation of Kyrgyz-Kipchak groups in political processes, and the desire of the Bukhara Emirate to strengthen its influence in the Fergana Valley are analyzed. At the same time, it is revealed how the internal contradictions between the two states influenced the process of the Russian Empire's military-political penetration into Central Asia. The author argues that the consequences of this rivalry were manifested not only in political relations between the states, but also in the socio-economic life of the population of the cities.