POLITICAL UPHEAVALS OF 1917 AND CHANGES IN THE NATIONAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF TURKESTAN
Keywords:
October coup, population, migration, transformation, revolution, famine, national relations, Soviet rule.Abstract
This article, based on a wide range of scholarly studies, examines the impact of the October coup in Russia on the life of the population of Turkestan during the early years of Soviet rule. A comprehensive study of the political, socio-economic, and cultural life of the peoples of the region is impossible without analyzing the ethnic and demographic development of Turkestan. Drawing upon modern research, the author provides a contemporary interpretation of the problem of national relations among various nations and ethnic groups residing in the Turkestan ASSR between 1918 and 1924. The February Revolution and especially the October coup of 1917 in Russia had a profound impact on the natural-historical course of Turkestan’s development. Military actions, the spread of infectious diseases, economic devastation, and the destruction of numerous households in 1917–1918 led to increased mortality and declining birth rates. As a result, the total population decreased. For instance, in 1917 alone, the rural population of the Fergana Valley declined by nearly 25 percent. However, this demographic decline was partially offset by the mass influx of peoples from national regions of Russia as well as from Asian and European countries, as demonstrated in the article.
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