TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: A REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE
Keywords:
type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment, dementia, hyperglycemia, neuroinflammation, hypoglycemic therapyAbstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. Metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory mechanisms arising from chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance lead to structural and functional changes in the central nervous system. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of cognitive status in patients with T2DM, analyzing the impact of clinical and metabolic parameters as well as glucose-lowering therapy. It was found that disease duration, HbA1c levels, and the presence of vascular complications are associated with the severity of cognitive decline. The obtained data confirm the need for early screening of cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM and a rational choice of therapy with potential neuroprotective effects.
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