CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ORAL MUCOSAL LEUKOPLAKIA
Keywords:
leukoplakia, flat, verrucous, erosive, optical coherence tomography (OCT).Abstract
Leukoplakia is characterized by a wide variety of clinical manifestations; therefore, its flat, verrucous, and erosive forms are distinguished. Each of these forms is associated with differences in the morphological and morphometric changes of the epithelium. Traditional methods—cytology and biopsy—have long been considered the main diagnostic tools; however, in many cases, they are limited by their invasiveness and the detection of the disease at advanced stages. In recent years, one of the noninvasive methods, optical coherence tomography (OCT), has been introduced into dental practice.
References
Kujan, O., Farah, C. & Johnson, N. (2020). Oral potentially malignant disorders: epidemiology, diagnosis and management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Oral Diseases, 27(S3), pp. 403–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13613
Warnakulasuriya, S. & Kujan, O. (2020). Oral leukoplakia: aetiology, clinical presentation, and management. Periodontology 2000, 84(1), pp. 154–167. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12346
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Guide to Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Oral Mucosal Diseases. Geneva: WHO Press. Available at: https://www.who.int
Villa, A. & Woo, S.B. (2017). Leukoplakia—A Diagnostic and Management Algorithm. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 75(4), pp. 723–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2016.11.009
Arduino, P.G., Bagan, J., El-Naggar, A.K. & Carrozzo, M. (2013). Oral leukoplakia: a concise review. Oral Diseases, 19(5), pp. 463–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12006
Warnakulasuriya, S. (2018). Clinical features and presentation of oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 125(6), pp. 582–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2018.03.011
Thomson, P. (2018). Field change and oral cancer: new evidence for widespread carcinogenesis? Oral Oncology, 82, pp. 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.05.011