BOLALAR SEREBRAL FALAJI BO‘LGAN BOLALARDA NUTQ BUZILISHLAR
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bolalar serebral falaji, nutq buzilishlari, dizartriya, nutq fenotipi, neyroplastiklik, BDNF, elektroensefalografiya (EEG), funksional bog‘liqlik, neyroreabilitatsiya, neyromodulyatsiya##article.abstract##
Nutq va kommunikatsiya buzilishlari bolalar serebral falajining (BSF) eng muhim namoyon bo‘lishlaridan biri bo‘lib, bolaning ta’lim olishi, ijtimoiy moslashuvi va hayot sifatini cheklaydi. Ularning klinik tuzilishi bir xil emas bo‘lib, motor-nutq, praksis buzilishlari bilan bog‘liq, fonetik-fonologik, til va aralash buzilishlarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Reabilitatsiyaga zamonaviy yondashuv nafaqat yetakchi nutq fenotipini klinik jihatdan aniqlashni, balki markaziy asab tizimining funksional holati va uning neyroplastik qayta tashkil topish qobiliyatini obyektiv baholashni ham nazarda tutadi. Istiqbolli tadqiqot yo‘nalishlari qatoriga neyrofiziologik ko‘rsatkichlarni, miya tarmoqlarining funksional bog‘liqligini hamda potensial biologik markerlarni, jumladan, miyadan kelib chiqadigan neyrotrofik omil (BDNF)ni o‘rganish kiradi. Ushbu sharhda BSFda nutq buzilishlarining klinik va neyrofiziologik mexanizmlari, ularni obyektiv baholash usullari, neyroplastiklik haqidagi zamonaviy qarashlar hamda reabilitatsiya natijalarini baholash va prognozlashda neyroplastiklik markerlaridan foydalanish imkoniyatlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Fenotipga yo‘naltirilgan yondashuvga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan bo‘lib, ushbu yondashuv nutq buzilishining tuzilishi va neyroplastik javobning individual xususiyatlarini hisobga olgan holda terapevtik nishonni tanlashni nazarda tutadi. Shuningdek, BSF bo‘lgan bolalarni shaxsiylashtirilgan neyroreabilitatsiya dasturlari doirasida funksional nutq mashg‘ulotlarini qo‘shimcha neyromodulyatsion texnologiyalar bilan integratsiya qilish istiqbollari yoritilgan.
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