NEUROIMAGING AND ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC FEATURES IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY AND CO-OCCURRING AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Keywords:
cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, magnetic resonance imaging, periventricular leukomalacia, electroencephalography, childrenAbstract
Aim: to compare brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) findings in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and co-occurring autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ASD alone, and CP without ASD. Methods: 157 children aged 1–16 years were studied: group I, CP+ASD (n=55); group II, ASD without CP (n=52); group III, CP without ASD (n=50). MRI was performed in 102 children and EEG in 119. Results: periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) was found in 86.7% of group I and 61.8% of group III (odds ratio 4.0; p=0.045), whereas cystic, gliotic and atrophic changes were found in 6.7% and 35.3%, respectively (p=0.007). ASD was diagnosed in 55.3% of children with CP and PVL versus 23.5% of those without PVL. MRI was normal in 97.4% of children with ASD alone. Marked diffuse EEG changes and epileptiform activity occurred with similar frequency in groups I and III. Conclusion: CP with co-occurring ASD is associated predominantly with periventricular white matter injury, while the EEG pattern reflects the organic brain lesion rather than the presence of ASD.
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