ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF PERINATAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DAMAGE: MODERN APPROACHES AND PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS
Keywords:
etiopathogenesis, perinatal lesions, hypoxic-ischemic lesionsAbstract
Perinatal damage to the central nervous system (PDCNS) is one of the leading causes of neurological pathologies in newborns and young children. The study of the etiopathogenesis of this pathology plays a major role in the development of effective prevention, early diagnosis and treatment strategies. The pathogenesis of PDCNS is based on such factors as hypoxic-ischemic, infectious-inflammatory, toxic-metabolic and traumatic, which disrupt the formation and functioning of the central nervous system during critical periods of development. Modern research focuses on the molecular and genetic aspects, the role of inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, and protective mechanisms of the nervous system. A deep understanding of the etiopathogenesis of PDCNS opens up new perspectives for the development of innovative therapies aimed at reducing the risk of long-term neurological consequences.
References
Webb WG. Pediatric Clinical Speech Syndromes. In: Neurology for the Speech-Language Pathologist. 6th ed. Mosby; 2017:256-271.
Anuriev AM, Gorbachev VI. Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in premature newborns. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2019;119(8 Suppl 2):63–69.
Kjellmer I. Mechanisms of perinatal brain damage. Ann Med. 1991;23(6):675–679.
Matta SK, Rinkenberger N, Dunay IR, Sibley LD. Toxoplasma gondii infection and its implications within the central nervous system. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(7):467–480.
Надеев АП, Перова ОВ, Травин МА. Патогенез перинатального поражения ЦНС при внутриутробном энцефалите. Север России. 2016:35–41.
Poliakova SM, Nedz'ved' MK. Morphological changes in the brain of fetuses and newborn infants with diabetic fetopathy. Arkh Patol. 1985;47(5):61-66.
Orzeł A, Unrug-Bielawska K, et al. Molecular Pathways of Altered Brain Development in Fetuses Exposed to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(12):10401.
Tonni G, Leoncini S, et al. Pathology of perinatal brain damage: oxidative stress markers. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014;290(1):13–20.
Studenikin MJ. Fetal and neonatal hypoxia. Padiatr Padol. 1982;17(2):271–278.
Takizawa Y, Takashima S, Itoh M. Neuronal cell death in perinatal brain damage. Brain Res. 2006;1095(1):200–206.
Leoncini S, Signorini C, et al. Free radical-related damage in bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity. Arch Toxicol. 2016;90(2):291–302.
Li B, Concepcion K, Meng X, Zhang L. Brain-immune interactions in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol. 2017;159:50–68.
Glass HC, Bonifacio SL, et al. Neonatal seizures: treatment and outcomes. Clin Perinatol. 2016;43(3):507–524.
Volpe JJ. Neurology of the Newborn. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2018.
Liu X, Xu S, Wang P, Wang W. Transient mitochondrial permeability transition mediates excitotoxicity in glutamate-sensitive NSC34D motor neuron-like cells. Exp Neurol. 2015;271:122–130.
Connell J, et al. Neonatal brain injury: plasticity and repair. Clin Perinatol. 2019;46(3):565–580.
