КЛИНИКО-ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ У ЛИЦ ПОЖИЛОГО И СТАРЧЕСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА (Обзор литературы)
Ключевые слова:
пожилой возраст, старческий возраст, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, ишемическая болезнь сердца, атеросклероз, нарушения ритма сердцаАннотация
Во всем мире, особенно в развитых странах, увеличивается абсолютное число и пропорция людей пожилого (> 65 лет) и старческого (> 75 лет) возраста. По прогнозам демографов и социологов, старение населения будет продолжаться, и к 2025 г. число лиц в возрасте 60 лет и старше увеличится в 5 раз. Одной из важных причин этого, наряду с уменьшением рождаемости, является улучшение лечения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, составляющих ведущую причину смерти пожилых лиц. Наиболее распространенными среди сердечно-сосудистых нарушений у пожилых являются артериальная гипертония, ишемическая болезнь сердца, хроническая сердечная недостаточность. До недавнего времени бытовало мнение о необходимости лишь симптоматического лечения сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пожилых и престарелых людей и о незначительном влиянии медикаментозного вмешательства на прогноз жизни в этом возрасте. Между тем крупные клинические исследования убедительно свидетельствуют, что возраст пациентов не является помехой к активному медикаментозному и хирургическому лечению многих ССЗ, однако, необходимо учитывать особенности лечения ССЗ у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста.
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