THE NEED TO ORGANIZE THE ACTIVITIES OF PROSECUTOR'S OFFICES ON THE BASIS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Keywords:
prosecution, international standards, prosecutorial independence, fair justice, criminal justice, human rights, rule of law, international law, prosecutorial ethics, law enforcement agenciesAbstract
This article examines the international standards governing law enforcement agencies, particularly the prosecution service, in the context of globalization. It analyzes the role of prosecutors in protecting human rights, their independence, impartiality, and accountability from the perspective of international legal standards. The study explores international prosecutorial standards developed by the International Association of Prosecutors (IAP) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), their principles, and implementation mechanisms. Key international legal instruments on human rights protection and criminal justice, including UN and Council of Europe resolutions, international conventions, and prosecutorial ethics guidelines, are reviewed. The article provides recommendations on adapting and effectively implementing international prosecutorial standards into national legal frameworks.
References
БМТ Бош Ассамблеясининг 217 А(Ш) резолюцияси билан қабул қилинган ва 1948 йил 10 декабрда эълон қилинган Инсон ҳуқуқлари умумжаҳон декларацияси (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly by resolution 217 A (III) and proclaimed on 10 December 1948) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/declhr.shtml
БМТ Бош Ассамблеясининг 1966 йил 16 декабрдаги резолюцияси билан қабул қилинган ва 1976 йил 23 мартда кучга кирган Фуқаролик ва сиёсий ҳуқуқлар тўғрисидаги халқаро пакт (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly on 16 December 1966 and entered into force on 23 March 1976) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/pactpol.shtml
БМТ Бош Ассамблеясининг 1966 йил 19 декабрдаги резолюцияси билан қабул қилинган Фуқаролик ва сиёсий ҳуқуқлар тўғрисидаги халқаро пактнинг факультатив протоколи (Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly resolution of 19 December 1966) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/pactpro1.shtml
Фуқаролик ва сиёсий ҳуқуқлар тўғрисидаги халқаро пактнинг ўлим жазосини бекор қилишга қаратилган иккинчи факультатив протоколи (Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Abolishing the Death Penalty) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/deathpro.shtml
1984 йилги Қийноқлар ҳамда муомала ва жазолашнинг бошқа шафқатсиз, ғайриинсоний ёки қадр-қимматни камситадиган турларига қарши Конвенция (1984 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/torture.shtml
БМТ Маҳкумлар билан муомала қилишнинг минимал стандарт қоидалари (UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/prison.shtml
БМТнинг жиноятчиликни олдини олиш ва ҳуқуқбузарлар бўйича Конгресси томонидан қабул қилинган ва БМТ 1957, 1977, 1984 йилларда ўтказилган Иқтисодий ва Ижтимоий Кенгаши томонидан тасдиқланган ҳужжат (A document adopted by the United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders and approved by the United Nations Economic and Social Council in 1957, 1977, and 1984.) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/detent.shtml
1990 йилги Қамоқ олиш билан боғлиқ бўлмаган шахслар учун БМТнинг минимал стандарт қоидалари (UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Persons Not Subject to Detention, 1990) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/tokyo_rules.shtml
Балоғатга етмаган болаларга нисбатан одил судлов юритишга доир минимал стандарт қоидалар (Standard Minimum Rules for Juvenile Justice) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/beijing_rules.shtml
Мансабдор шахсларнинг ҳуқуқ-тартиботни сақлаш бўйича куч ва ўқ отар қуролларни қўллашнинг асосий тамойиллари (Basic principles of the use of force and firearms by law enforcement officials) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/firearms.shtml
Прокуратура ходимларининг касбий маъулияти стандартлари ва асосий мажбуриятлари ва ҳуқуқларининг Декларацияси (Declaration of the standards of professional responsibility and basic obligations and rights of prosecutor's office employees) https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/koordiniruyuschaya-rol-mezhdunarodnoy-assotsiatsii-prokurorov-v-borbe-s-prestupnostyu
Суд таъқибини амалга оширувчи шахслар фаолиятига тааллуқли тамойиллар (Principles relating to the activity of persons carrying out judicial prosecution) http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/russian/instree/Ri4grp.html
Ҳуқуқни таъминловчи мансабдор шахсларнинг ўзининг ҳулқ атвор кодекси (Law enforcement officials' own code of conduct) https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/code_of_conduct.shtml
БМТ Гиёҳвандлик ва жиноятчилик бўйича бошқармаси (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) https://uzlaw.uz/product/zhinoyatchilikka-arshi-kurashishda-zbekiston-respublikasi-prokuratura-organlarining-hal-aro-amkorli/
Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президентининг 2017 йил 7 февралдаги ПФ-4947-сонли Фармони // Ўзбекистон Республикаси қонун ҳужжатлари тўплами, 2017 й., 6-сон, 70-модда (Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-4947 dated February 7, 2017 // Collection of Legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017, No. 6, Article 70)
Джуманазарова В.К., Реховский А.Ф. «Международные стандарты деятельности прокуратуры» / В.К.Джуманазарова, А.Ф. Реховский // ADVANCES IN LAW STUDIES. – Том 5. – № 1. – 2017. (Jumanazarova V.K., Rekhovsky A.F. “International standards of the prosecutor’s office” / V.K. Jumanazarova, A.F. Rekhovsky // ADVANCES IN LAW STUDIES. - Vol. 5. - No. 1. - 2017.) URL: https://riorpub.com/ru/nauka/article/11703/view
О минимальных стандартах безопасности и защиты прокуроров и их семей: декларация Международной ассоциации прокуроров 2008 года. (On minimum standards for the safety and security of prosecutors and their families: a 2008 declaration of the International Association of Prosecutors.) URL: https://genproc.gov.ru/
Стандарты профессиональной ответственности и положение об основных обязанностях и правах прокуроров от 23 апреля 1999 года: [в редакции от июня 2017 года]. (Standards of Professional Responsibility and Regulations on the Fundamental Duties and Rights of Public Prosecutors of April 23, 1999: [as amended June 2017].) URL https://genproc.gov.ru/
