THE NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE IMMUNITIES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Abstract

This paper provides an extensive examination of the legal basis, extent, and problems of the immunities and privileges of international organizations and their personnel. The paper examines theoretical and practical determinants of immunity as a need for functioning, providing international organizations such as the United Nations and specialized agencies to operate independent of national jurisdictions. Drawing upon the principal international instruments, like the UN Charter, the 1946 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, and the 1947 Convention on Specialized Agencies, the paper covers the forms of immunity granted to officials, representatives, and experts on mission. The author distinguishes functional from personal immunity, highlighting its legal functions and limitations. Analyzing real-life situations with the IMF, WHO, and ICJ, the article ponders over the delicate balance between these organizations' autonomy and the norms of accountability, transparency, and the rule of law. Lastly, the article stresses the need for a new perspective that safeguards the effective operation of international organizations along with their legal accountability according to standards of international law.