ISSUES OF APPLYING NON-CUSTODIAL CRIMINAL PENALTIES IN THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF CERTAIN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Keywords:
non-custodial criminal penalties; criminal law policy; alternatives to imprisonment; social adaptation; moral rehabilitation of convicts; recidivism; standard minimum rules for noncustodial measures.Abstract
In this article, the author explores the specific features of applying non-custodial criminal penalties
in the criminal legislation of various foreign countries. The author notes that one of the most widely
used forms of punishment not involving deprivation of liberty is community service. The objective
of community service is to ensure an independent and flexible penalty measure that serves as a
reminder of the law's authority, compensates for the harm caused, and acts as a means of rehabilitating
the offender (social support, social rehabilitation, and educational aspects, such as performing
community service in hospitals). Importantly, the application of non-custodial sentences is seen in
the criminal laws of several foreign countries as an effective alternative to imprisonment.
Particular attention is given to scholarly research focused on the policies ensuring correct application
of sentencing laws and effective organization of law enforcement activities in these areas. In
particular, significant emphasis is placed on studying punishment individualization, encouraging
behavior aimed at preventing crime, improving regulations addressing multiple crimes and noncustodial penalties, strengthening the implementation of advanced international standards and foreign
practices in national legislation, developing new preventive measures and more efficient mechanisms
for preventing recidivism, and enhancing law enforcement practices, examining their trends and
prospects
References
Уголовно-исполнительное право: Учебник / Под ред. И.В.Шмарова. – М., 2018. – С. 13.
(Criminal-Executive Law: Textbook / Ed. by I.V. Shmarov. – Moscow, 2018. – P. 13.)
Стандартные минимальные правила ООН в отношении мер, не связанных с тюремным
заключением (Токийские правила, 1990) / Уголовно-исполнительный кодекс РФ. С
приложениями, указателями судебной практики. – М., 1997. (United Nations Standard Minimum
Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules, 1990) / Criminal-Executive Code of the
Russian Federation. With appendices, judicial practice indices. – Moscow, 1997.)
Кароли Бард. Альтернативные меры уголовного наказания // Альтернативы тюремному
заключению. Penal Reform International, Информационный пакет №2. – М.: PRI, 2001. (Karoly
Bard. Alternative Measures of Criminal Punishment // Alternatives to Imprisonment. Penal Reform
International, Information Package №2. – Moscow: PRI, 2001.)
Дворянсков И.В., Сергеева В.В., Баталин Д.Е. Применение альтернативных наказаний в
Западной Европе, США и России: сравнительно-правовое исследование. – М., 2004. – С. 47.
(Dvoryanskov I.V., Sergeeva V.V., Batalin D.E. Application of Alternative Punishments in Western
Europe, USA and Russia: Comparative Legal Research. – Moscow, 2004. – P. 47.)
Стандартные минимальные правила ООН в отношении мер, не связанных с тюремным
заключением (Токийские правила, 1990) / Уголовно-исполнительный кодекс РФ. С
приложениями, указателями судебной практики. – М., 1997. (United Nations Standard Minimum
Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules, 1990) / Criminal-Executive Code of the
Russian Federation. With appendices, judicial practice indices. – Moscow, 1997.)
Peter Tak. Alternatives to Prison in Europe, in Prison Populations and Penal Policy in Estonia,
Latvia and Lithuania, Swedish Prison and probation Service, 1998. – С. 77. (Peter Tak. Alternatives
to Prison in Europe, in Prison Populations and Penal Policy in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Swedish
Prison and Probation Service, 1998. – P. 77.)
Уголовный кодекс Федеративной Республики Германии/ науч.ред. и вступ.статья доктор
юрид. наук, профессора Д. А. Шестакова; предисловие доктора права Г.-Г. Йешека; перевод с
немецкого Н. С. Рачковой. – СПб.: Издательство «Юридический центр Пресс», 2003. – С.22.
(Criminal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany / Ed. and Introductory article by Doctor of Law,
Professor D.A. Shestakov; preface by Doctor of Law H.-H. Jescheck; translated from German by
N.S. Rachkova. – Saint Petersburg: Publishing House "Yuridichesky Tsentr Press", 2003. – P. 22.)
Уголовный кодекс Японии / Под ред. А.И.Коробеева. – СПб., 2002. (Criminal Code of Japan / Ed.
by A.I. Korobeev. – Saint Petersburg, 2002.)
Уголовное право России. Учебник для вузов. В 2 т. Т. 1. Общая часть / Отв. ред. д.ю.н.
А.Н. Игнатов и д.ю.н. Ю.А. Красиков. – М., 1998. – С.101. (Criminal Law of Russia. Textbook
for Universities. In 2 vols. Vol. 1. General Part / Chief editors: Doctor of Law A.N. Ignatov and
Doctor of Law Yu.A. Krasikov. – M., 1998. – P.101.)
Jinoyat huquqi.Umumiy qism: Darslik/A.S.Яkubov, R.Kabulov va boshq. – T.:O`zbekiston
Respublikasi IIV Akademiyasi, 2009. 139-b. (Criminal Law. General Part: Textbook / A.S. Yakubov,
R. Kabulov et al. – Tashkent: Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of
Uzbekistan, 2009. – P. 139.)
Уголовное право Российской Федерации. Общая часть. – М.: Юрист, 2001. С.208-209.
(Criminal Law of the Russian Federation. General Part. – M.: Yurist, 2001. P.208-209.)
