SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN FRAUD AND FORTUNE-TELLING AND ISSUES OF LIABILITY

Abstract

This article explores the differences between fraud and fortune-telling, their social, psychological,
and legal consequences, as well as issues of accountability. While fraud, as an illegal criminal activity,
is carried out with the intention of obtaining material benefits or causing harm, fortune-telling is often
rooted in spiritual and cultural traditions, aimed at providing psychological support to people.
However, fortune-telling can sometimes transform into fraud, highlighting the fine line between the
two practices. The article analyzes international experiences, including legislation on fraud and
fortune-telling in the USA and Great Britain. Drawing on research by foreign scholars (Daniel
Kahneman, Peter Berger, James Randi) and national experts (Gulnora Rakhimova, Khurshid
Akhmedov, Abdulhakim Sharipov), the psychological, social, and legal aspects of fraud and fortunetelling are examined. In Uzbekistan, fraud is regulated by Article 168 of the Criminal Code, while
fortune-telling is not legally prohibited. However, its potential to evolve into fraud remains a pressing
concern. The article emphasizes the need to strengthen legislation, regulate fortune-telling activities,
and enhance public awareness efforts in society. This study is intended for specialists in the fields of
legal, social, and psychological sciences, as well as for a broad audience interested in these issues.