THE CONDITION OF CRAFTSMANSHIP, LIVESTOCK BREEDING AND FARMING IN KHOREZM IN THE 10TH-11TH CENTURIES
Keywords:
Boranj, Amu Darya, Legend of Hubbi, Ritl, Dirham, Silk RoadAbstract
Khorezm has historically been situated in an oasis along the banks of the Amu Darya River. During the 10th and 11th centuries, the inhabitants of this oasis greatly benefited from trade and agriculture. The Amu Darya River, which splits the oasis during its flows, served as an abundant resource for local farmers. While some of the population engaged in cattle breeding in the surrounding desert and steppe regions, craft production was more prominent in the cities. This article examines the agricultural practices, craftsmanship, and cattle breeding that constituted the primary sources of income for the people of Khorezm during the 10th and 11th centuries, utilizing historical sources for analysis.
References
1 Orazşahedov A. Tarıhda Gürgenç şehri (Kuruluşundan Hanlıklar dönemine kadar). Dok. Tezi. Necmettin Erbakan üniversitesi. – Konya, 2018.
2 Абдуллаев И. Абу Мансур Саолбий. – Т.: Ўзбекистон, 1991.
3 İbn Battuta. İbn Battuta seyahatnamesi. – İstanbul; Yapı Kredi yayınları, 2015.
4 محمد بن احمد المقدسي. أحسن التقاسيم في معرفة الأقاليم. – القاهرة: دار السويدي, 1991.
5 Ш. Камолиддин. Ибн Хаукал и его труд (Мавара ан-нахр). Ч 3. – с.аарбрюкен: LAP, 2021.
6 Аноним. Ҳудуд ал-олам: Мовароуннаҳр тавсифи. Маъсул муҳаррир М.Исҳоқов. – Т.: Ўзбекистон, 2008.
7 Özbayraktar A. Me’mûnîler devrinde Harezm. Dok.tezi. Selçuk Üniversitesi. – Konya. 2021.
8 ابومنصور الثعالبي. يتيمة الدهر. ج 4. – بيروت: دار الكتاب العلمية, 1984.
9 Ғуломов Я. Хоразмнинг суғорилиш тарихи. –Т.: ЎзССР ФА нашриёти, 1959
10 Материалы по истории туркмен и Туркмении. т. 1. – М-Л., 1939
