НЕКОТОРЫЕ КОММЕНТАРИИ О ВЛИЯНИИ ОКС-ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИИ В АРАБСКОМ ЗАЛИВЕ

Авторы

  • Хаитмурод Хуррамов

Ключевые слова:

Дилмун, Маган, морские моллюски, Арабский залив, Бахрейн, Месопотамия, Хараппа, Гонур, Афганистан

Аннотация

Известно, что цивилизация Оксов в бронзовом веке, с ее уникальной материальной культурой, взаимодействовала с рядом культурных стран: Индийской долиной, Ираном, Месопотамией, Эламом и другими регионами.В результате этих отношений формируются взаимодействия и взаимодействия. Археологи обращаются к археологическим и письменным источникам, чтобы пролить свет на историографию этого периода. Это исследование посвящено истории культурных отношений между цивилизацией Окси и странами Арабского залива в бронзовом веке. В статье освещаются культурные связи на основе анализа печатей и уникальных артефактов.

Библиографические ссылки

Oppenheim, A.L. 1954. “Seafaring merchants of Ur”. Journal of American Oriental Society 74: 6-17. Leemans, W.F. 1960. Foreign Trade in the Old Babylonian Period. Leiden: Brill.

Potts, D.T. 1990. The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity. I. From Prehistory to the Fall of the Achaemenid Empire. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Begemann, F., A. Hauptmann, S. Schmitt-Stecker and G. Weisgerber 2010. “Lead isotope and chemical signature of copper from Oman and its occurrence in Mesopotamia and sites on the Arabian Gulf coast”. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 21: 135-169.

Laursen, S. and P. Steinkeller 2017. Babylonia, the Gulf Region, and the Indus. Archaeological and Textual Evidence for Contact in the Third and Early Second Millennia B.C. Mesopotamian Civilization 21. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.

Possehl, G.L. 2002. The Indus Civilization. A Contemporary Perspective. Walnut Creek: Altamira. Potts, D.T. 2016. People of the Lower Sea. Magan and its Neighbours. The Archaeological Heritage of Oman, vol. 3. Mascate: Ministry of Heritage and Culture, Sultanate of Oman.

Possehl, G.L. 2007. “The Middle Asian Interaction Sphere. Trade and Contact in the 3rd Millennium BC”. Expedition 49(1): 40-42.

During Caspers, E.C.L. 1989. “Some remarks on Oman”. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 19: 13-31. 1992. “Intercultural/mercantile contacts between the Arabian Gulf and South Asia at the close of the third millennium BC”. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 22: 3-28. 1994a. “Triangular stamps seals from the Arabian Gulf, once again”. Proceedings of the

Seminar for Arabian Studies 24: 97-114. 1994b. “Further Evidence for ‘Central Asian’ materials from the Arabian Gulf”. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 37: 33-53. 1994c. “Non-Indus Glyptics in a Harappan Context”. Iranica Antiqua 29: 83-106. 1996. “Local MBAC materials in the Arabian Gulf and their manufacturers”. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 26: 47–64.

Olijdam, E. and R.H. Spoor (eds.) 2008. Intercultural relations between South and Southwest Asia. Studies in commemoration of E.C.L. During Caspers (1934-1996). BAR International Series 1826. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Tosi, M. 1974. “Some data for the study of prehistoric cultural areas on the Persian Gulf”. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 4: 145-171. Masson, V.M. 1988. Altyn-Depe. University Museum Monograph, 55. Philadelphia : University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. Potts, D.T. 1983. “Barbar miscellanies”. In Dilmun. New Studies in the Archaeology and Early History of

Bahrain, ed. D.T. Poots. Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient, Bd. 2. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, pp. 127- 129. 1993. “A new Bactrian find from southeastern Arabia”. Antiquity 67: 591-596. 2008. “An Umm an-Nar-type compartmented soft-stone vessel from Gonur Depe, Turkmenistan”. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 18: 167-180. Amiet, P. 1986. L’âge des échanges inter-iraniens, 3500-1700 avant J.-C. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux. Olijdam, E. and R.H. Spoor (eds.) 2008. Intercultural relations between South and Southwest Asia. Studies in commemoration of E.C.L. During Caspers (1934-1996). BAR International Series 1826. Oxford: Archaeopress. Weeks, L. 2016. “Iran and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Persian Gulf”. International Journal of the Society of Iranian Archaeologists 2(3): 13-25.

Sarianidi, V.I. 1986. Die Kunst des Alten Afghanistan. Architektur, Keramik, Siegel, Kunstwerke aus Stein und Metall. Leipzig : E.A. Seemann.

Olijdam, E. 2008. “A Possible Central Asian Origin for the Seal-Impressed Jar from the ‘Temple Tower’ at Failaka”. In Intercultural relations between South and Southwest Asia. Studies in commemoration of E.C.L. During Caspers (1934-1996), eds. E. Olijdam & R.H. Spoor. BAR International Series 1826. Oxford:Archaeopress, pp. 268-287.

Crawford, H. 1998. Dilmun and its Gulf neighbours. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Al-Sindi, K. 1999. Dilmun Seals, Part One. Bahrain: Ministry of Cabinet Affairs and Information & Bahrain National Museum.

Sarianidi, W. 2005. Gonurdepe, Türkmenistan. City of Kings and Gods. Aşgabat: Miras. Potts, D.T. 2008. “An Umm an-Nar-type compartmented soft-stone vessel from Gonur Depe, Turkmenistan”. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 18: 167-180. Salvatori, S. 2010. “Thinking around Grave 3245 in the ‘Royal Graveyard’ of Gonur (Murghab Delta, Turkmenistan)”. In Na puti otkrytija tsivilizatsii. [On the Track of Uncovering a Civilization]. Trudy Margianskoj Arkheologicheskoj Ekspeditsii, 3, eds. P.M. Kozhin, M.F. Kosarev and N.A. Dubova. SanktPetersburg: Aletejja, pp. 244-257.

Jarrige, J.-F. and M.U. Hassan 1989. “Funerary complexes in Baluchistan at the end of the third millennium in the light of recent discoveries at Mehrgarh and Quetta”. In South Asian Archaeology 1985, eds. K. Frifelt and P. Sorensen. Copenhagen: Curzon Press, pp. 150-166.

Vogt B. 1985. “The Umm an-Nar Tomb A at Hili North: A preliminary report on three seasons of excavation, 1982-1984”. Archaeology in the United Arab Emirates IV: 20-37. David, H. 1996. “Styles and Evolution: Soft stone vessels during the Bronze Age in the Oman Peninsula”. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 26: 31-46.

Crawford, H. and K. Al-Sindi1995. “A seal in the collections of the National Museum, Bahrain”. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 6: 1-4. During Caspers, E.C.L. 1994a. “Triangular stamps seals from the Arabian Gulf, once again”. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 24: 97-114. During Caspers, E.C.L. 1996. “Local MBAC materials in the Arabian Gulf and their manufacturers”. Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 26: 47–64. Sarianidi, V. 1998. Myths of Ancient Bactria and Margiana on its seals and amulets. Moscow: Pentagraphic Ltd. Salvatori, S. 2000. “Bactria and Margiana Seals: A New Assessment of Their Chronological Position and a Typological Survey”. East and West 50: 97-145. Lombard, P. and N. Boksmati-Fattouh 2017. “Dilmun i gorizonty mezhdunarodnoj torgovli / [The Power of Trade]”. In N. Koslova (ed.) In the Land of Dilmun where the sun rises. Archaeological Treasures from the Bahrain National Museum (3rd – 1st Millenia B.C.). Saint-Petersburg: The State Hermitage Publishers, pp. 56-67.

Salvatori, S. 2000. “Bactria and Margiana Seals: A New Assessment of Their Chronological Position and a Typological Survey”. East and West 50: 97-145.

Sarianidi V.I. 1981. “Seal-amulets of the Murghab style”. In The Bronze Age civilization of Central Asia, ed. P. Kohl. New York: M.E. Sharpe, pp. 221-255.

Загрузки

Опубликован

2021-10-08

Выпуск

Раздел

Статьи