HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF THE FIRST FREIGHT VEHICLES, TRADE RELATIONS AND CARAVAN ROUTES IN THE KHOREZM OASIS
Keywords:
caravans, trade routes, a camel, trade-commerce deals, caravan sheds, vehicles, Custom House, sacks and kajavaAbstract
This article describes the emergence of the first freight vehicles in the Khorezm oasis, the formation of trade relations, and the ancient caravan routes. Up to the 20th century most of the freight transported to the Khorezm region by caravans, and created unique caravan routes in the region.
References
Kurbanova R. Islam's impact on trade, the emergence of intercity caravans, the Great Silk Road, and large caravans // based on the Encyclopedia of Society and Culture in the Medieval World // www.xorazmiy.uz.
Makhmudov M. History of Uzbekistan. Materials for lectures and practical exercises. - Urgench, 2015 .-P.136.
Vaktorskaya N.N. About the medieval cities of Khorezm // MHE, vol. 7. - M., 1963; Vyshnevskaya O.A. Archaeological intelligence in the medieval villages of the left-bank Khorezm // MHE, vol. 7. - M., 1963; Vorobyova M.G., Lapirov-Skoblo M.S., Nerazik E.E. Archaeological work in Khazarasp in 1958-1960 // ICE, vol. 6. - M., 1963.
Kdrniyazov M.Sh. Material culture of Khorezm in the 13-14th centuries. .Nukus, Karakalpakistan., 1989. City Mezdakhan in Golden Ordan ages.Vestnik KKO AN UzR. Nukus 1999. #3 p. 101. About the agricultural nature of craft of the Mezdakhan people. ONU.1999#5-6.p 83. About the role of Kwarezm in the development of European trade in the 13-15th centuries. ONU, 2000. #1 p. 35-41. Kdrniyazov M.Sh. Bagautdinov R. New archeological data about the medieval Mezdakhane. ONU, 2001#3, p52-56
Gudkova A.V., Yagodin V.N. Archaeological research in the right-bank part of the Amu Darya delta in 1958-1959 // MCE, vol. 6. - M., 1963; Yagodin V.N. Route archaeological research in the left-bank part of the Aral delta of the Amu Darya // MCE, vol. 7. - M., 1963 and others.
Tolstov S.P. Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1946 // IAN, vol. IV. - No. 2. - M., 1947. [5] Kdirniyazov M.Sh. The material culture of the cities of Khorezm in the XIII-XIV centuries. – Nukus: Karakalpakstan, 1989; Mizdakhkan settlement in the Golden Horde time. – Nukus, 1987: Workshops and wineries of the Zolotoordinsky Mizdakhkan // Bulletin of the KCO AN RUz. Nukus, 1999. - No. 3. - S. 101; About the agrarian nature of the industrial activity of the population of Mizdakhkan // ONU, 1999. - No. 5-6. - S. 83; On the role of Khorezm in Eurasian trade of the 13th-20th centuries // ONU, 2000, No. 1. - P. 35-41; Kdirniyazov M.-Sh., Bagauatdinov R. New archaeological data on medieval Mizdakhkan // ONU, 2001. - No. 3. - P. 52-56
Manylov Yu.P. About the path of Ibn Fadlan from Khorezm through the Ustyurt Plateau // “Soviet Archeology” (Moscow), 1979. - No. 2; Him: Archaeological research of the caravanserais of Central Us ¬ turt // In collection: Archeology of the Aral Sea region. - Vol. 1. – T.: Fan, 1982.
Voyevodsky M.A Summary Report of a Khwarizm Expedition. BAIIAA, 1938, No. 3.
Gulom J. Traces of marriage // "Gulistan", 1937, No. 4.
