THE SYSTEM OF INCENTIVES AND PUNISHMENTS DURING THE REIGN OF THE SHAYBANIDS (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WORK “MUSAXXIR AL-BILOD”)

Abstract

The article examines the role of the system of reward and punishment as an important practical mechanism of governance during the Shaybanid period. The information contained in Musakhkhir al-bilad is, for the first time, subjected to scholarly analysis and systematization, and this system is interpreted as a means of consolidating power and as an expression of political culture and legal thought. The study highlights the system of encouragement and punishment as an important instrument of governance and substantiates its significance in implementing the will of the ruling authority, ensuring control over the elite, strengthening discipline, and maintaining political stability.