ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND REGIONAL APPROACHES TO ERADICATION THERAPY
Keywords:
Helicobacter pylori; antibiotic resistance; clarithromycin; levofloxacin; eradication therapy; quadruple therapy; regional protocols; individualized treatment; gastroenterology; antimicrobial resistance; children and adolescents.Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common chronic infections and a significant cause of gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. The infection is widespread worldwide, is often acquired in childhood and adolescence, and is characterized by long-term persistence, which determines its important medical and social significance. In recent years, an increase in antibiotic resistance of H. pylori has been observed, particularly to clarithromycin and levofloxacin, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of standard eradication therapy regimens. This article presents an analysis of current data on the prevalence of resistant H. pylori strains in children, adolescents, and adults across different regions of the world. The necessity of using regionally adapted and individualized treatment regimens based on the assessment of microbial antibiotic susceptibility is substantiated in order to improve therapeutic effectiveness and prevent resistance, especially in the pediatric and adolescent populations, where primary resistance rates are increasingly significant.
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