NOQULAY EKOLOGIK MUHITDA YASHOVCHI ERTA YOSHLI BOLALARDA SHIFOXONADAN TASHQARI ZOTILJAMDA SITOKIN HOLATINING XUSUSIYATLARI
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shifoxonadan tashqari zotiljam, sitokin holati, bolalar, ekologiya. Orol bo’yi, atrof-muhit.##article.abstract##
Orol bo‘yi xududi ekologiyasi va aholisining salomatligi nafaqat O‘zbekiston, balki butun jahon jamoatchiligi uchun ham dolzarb muammodir. Ekologik vaziyatning noqulayligi Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasining barcha aholisiga og‘ir yuk bo‘ldi, lekin ayniqsa bu holatdan bolalar aziyat chekmoqda, chunki moslashuv va himoya to‘qima tizimlarining funksional etilmaganligi tufayli bolalar organizmi atrof-muhit omillarining ta’siriga juda sezgir. Orolbo‘yi mintaqasidagi ekologik o‘zgarishlar ko‘p jihatdan o‘sib kelayotgan yosh avlod salomatligiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda, bu nafas olish a’zolarining kasallanish darajasining yuqoriligiga olib kelmoqda va ular orasida O‘RK, bronxit va zotiljam kasalliklari birinchi o‘rinni egallamoqda. Jahon sog‘liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST) ma’lumotlariga ko‘ra, zotiljam dunyodagi bolalar o‘limining eng keng tarqalgan sababi bo‘lib, 5 yoshgacha bo‘lgan bolalar o‘limi ko‘rsatkichining 17,5% ni tashkil etadi va har yili shu yoshdagi taxminan 1,1 million bolani (JSST, 2016) hayotdan olib ketadi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasida bolalar va o‘smirlar o‘rtasida zotiljam kasalligining tarqalishi 17,7% dan 19,5% gacha tashkil etadi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, o’tkir pnevmoniya bilan og'rigan bolalarda hujayralararo immunitet mexanizmlarida sezilarli o'zgarishlar mavjud bo'lib, ular atrof-muhitning noqulay yashash sharoitlariga bog'liq bo'lgan yallig'lanishga qarshi va yallig'lanishga qarshi sitokinlarning ishlab chiqarilishining buzilishi bilan namoyon bo'ladi.
Turli ekologik mintaqalarda yashovchi bolalarda (Xorazm va Toshkent misolida) shifoxonadan tashqari pnevmoniyada yallig‘lanishga qarshi va yallig‘lanishga qarshi sitokinlar darajasini o‘rganish. 1yoshdan-3 yoshgacha 55 nafar o‘tkir pnevmoniya bilan og‘rigan bolalar. Turli hududiy sharoitlarda yashab, shundan 35 nafar bemor (asosiy guruh), Orolboʻyida (Xorazm viloyatida) doimiy yashovchi va 20 nafari o’tkir pnevmoniya bilan ogʻrigan bolalar (qiyoslash guruhi), Toshkent shahrida yashovchi. Nazorat guruhlari Orolboʻyida (Xorazm viloyatida) doimiy yashovchi 20 nafar amalda sogʻlom bolalar va Toshkent shahrida yashovchi 20 nafar o’tkir pnevmoniya bilan kasallangan bolalardan iborat edi. Asosiy guruhdagi bolalarning o‘rtacha yoshi 1,95±0,14 yil bo‘lsa, taqqoslash guruhidagi bolalarning o‘rtacha yoshi 2,19±0,21 yoshni tashkil qildi. Asosiy guruhda o'g'il bolalarning chastotasi 40%, qizlar esa - 60%; taqqoslash guruhida mos ravishda 50% hollarda o'g'il bolalar va qizlar kuzatilgan. Tashxisni tekshirish nafas olish kasalliklari bo'yicha XVIII Milliy Kongressning maxsus yig'ilishida tasdiqlangan bolalarda bronxopulmoner kasalliklarning asosiy klinik shakllari tasnifiga muvofiq amalga oshirildi (2009). 100% hollarda o’tkir pnevmoniya tashxisi ko'krak qafasi rentgenogrammasi bilan tasdiqlangan.
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Статья поступила в редакцию 03.03.2024; одобрена после рецензирования 20.04.2024; принята к публикации 26.04.2024.
The article was submitted 03.03.2024; approved after reviewing 20.04.2024; accepted for publication 26.04.2024.
Информация об авторах:
Юсупова Умида.Улугбековна. PhD. старший преподавателя кафедрой Педиатрии и неанотологии Ургенчский филиал Ташкентской медицинской академии г. Ургенч, Узбекистан. Е-mail: yusupovaumida360@gmail.com.
Источники финансирования: Работа не имела специального финансирования.
Конфликт интересов: Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи.
Вклад авторов:
Юсупова У.У— идеологическая концепция работы, редактирование статьи; сбор и анализ источников литературы, написание текста.
Information about the authors:
Umida U.Yusupova-PhD, Urgench branch of Tashkent Medical Academy.Urgench, Uzbekistan; E-mail: yusupovaumida360@gmail.com,https//orcid/0009-0006-5118-0875
Sources of funding: The work did not receive any specific funding.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no explicit or potential conflicts of interest associated with the publication of this article.
Contribution of the authors:
Umida U.Yusupova — ideological concept of the work, editing the article; collection and analysis of literature sources, writing the text.
