РАҚАМЛИ ЮКЛАМА ОРТИБ БОРИШ ШАРОИТИДА БОЛАЛАРДА АСТЕНОПИК СИНДРОМ (АДАБИЁТЛАР ШАРҲИ)
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рақамли астенопик синдром; болалар; кўриш чарчоқлиги; экран юкламаси; профилактика##article.abstract##
Сўнгги йилларда, айниқса COVID-19 пандемияси даврида масофавий таълимга ўтишдан кейин болаларнинг рақамли юкламаси кескин ортди. Шу билан бирга, рақамли астенопик синдром (digital eye strain, DES) кенг тарқалган муаммога айланди. Ушбу адабиётлар шарҳининг мақсади 2022–2024 йилларда чоп этилган илмий манбалар асосида болаларда DES’нинг тарқалиши, этиопатогенези, клиник белгилари, хавф омиллари ва профилактика чоралари бўйича мавжуд маълумотларни тизимлаштиришдан иборат. Таҳлил PubMed ва PMC маълумот базаларидан танлаб олинган олтита долзарб шарҳ мақолаларига таянади; уларга систематик ва наратив шарҳлар киради. Тадқиқотлар натижасида болаларда DES’нинг тарқалиши 20–60% орасида эканлиги аниқланган bo‘lib, асосий симптомлар кўз қуриши, ачишиши, бош оғриғи, кўриш чарчоқлиги ва хира кўришдан иборат. Асосий патофизиологик механизмлар қаторига акомодация зўриқиши, милкиллаш частотасининг камайиши ва кўз ёши плёнкасининг беқарорлиги киради. Хавф омилларига рақамли қурилмалардан кунiga 3 соатдан ортиқ фойдаланиш, ноқулай ҳолатда ишлаш, ёритишнинг ёмонлиги, танаффусларнинг йўқлиги, уйқу бузилиши ва ташқи муҳитда кам вақт ўтказиш киради. DES бошқа кўз касалликлари — миопия, акомодацион дисфункциялар, қуруқ кўз синдроми билан ҳам боғлиқ бўлиши мумкин. Профилактика кўриш гигиенасига риоя қилиш, 20-20-20 қоидасини жорий этиш, экран билан ишлаш шароитларини оптималлаштириш, мунтазам офтальмологик кўриклар ва ота-оналар ҳамда педагоглар учун маърифий ташаббусларни ўз ичига олиши керак. Олинган маълумотлар DES юклаmasини камайтиришда комплекс ёндашувнинг аҳамиятини ва объектив баҳолаш усуллари билан янада кенг қамровли тадқиқотлар зарурлигини кўрсатади.
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