ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОЕ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ЯЗВЕННОГО КОЛИТА (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРА)
Ключевые слова:
ulcerative colitis, surgery, laparoscopyАннотация
В статье представлен расширенный анализ эволюции миниинвазивной колоректальной хирургии и современных подходов к хирургическому лечению язвенного колита (ЯК). Начиная с первой лапароскопически-ассистируемой правосторонней гемиколэктомии (Jacobs et al., 1990), авторы отмечают значительный прогресс видеоэндоскопических технологий, однако подчеркивают сохраняющиеся ограничения метода, связанные с отсутствием тактильных ощущений, потерей трехмерной визуализации, техническими трудностями при ожирении, спаечном процессе и местно-распространенных опухолях.Анализируется современное состояние хирургии ЯК, где несмотря на рост эффективности медикаментозной терапии, до 50% пациентов в течение жизни нуждаются в операции. Рассматриваются проблемы отсутствия «золотого стандарта» реконструктивной хирургии ЯК, высокая частота функциональных нарушений после IPAA и дискуссионность методов восстановления анальной дефекации.Обобщены современные тренды развития малоинвазивной хирургии: тотальная лапароскопическая IPAA, трансанальные техники (ta-IPAA), робот-ассистированные методы, а также использование ручной ассистенции при технически сложных ситуациях. Представлены данные литературы о влиянии MIS на частоту осложнений, репродуктивную функцию и качество жизни. Делается вывод о необходимости совершенствования критериев отбора пациентов, оптимизации до- и послеоперационного ведения, а также интеграции новых технологий с соблюдением принципов онкологической и проктологической абластики.
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