AUDITORY CORRECTION FOR SENSORYNEURAL HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN OF PRE-SCHOOL AND SCHOOL AGE
Keywords:
sensorineural hearing loss, audiological assessment, auditory evoked potentials, hearing aids, pediatric audiologyAbstract
Objective. To assess the diagnostic features of sensorineural hearing loss and the effectiveness of electroacoustic hearing correction in preschool and school-aged children. Materials and Methods. The study included 72 preschool and school-aged children with sensorineural hearing loss of varying severity who were examined and treated at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatrics in 2023–2024. Both subjective and objective audiological assessment methods were used, including pure-tone threshold audiometry, play audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflexometry, otoacoustic emissions, and short-latency auditory evoked potentials. Electroacoustic hearing correction was performed using modern digital programmable behind-the-ear hearing aids with individually manufactured earmolds. Results. Bilateral congenital sensorineural hearing loss was diagnosed in 53 children, while bilateral acquired hearing loss was identified in 19 children. The distribution by degree of hearing loss was as follows: degree II – 9.6%, degree III – 54.4%, degree IV and deafness – 36%. All children demonstrated varying degrees of speech delay. In 17 children with profound hearing loss and deafness, hearing aid fitting was ineffective, and cochlear implantation was recommended. In 55 children who underwent hearing aid fitting, improvement in sound perception, response to environmental sounds, and positive dynamics in auditory–speech development were observed. Conclusion. Early diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss and timely electroacoustic hearing correction using modern digital hearing aids significantly improve auditory–speech development and facilitate social integration in children. A comprehensive audiological approach and individualized hearing aid fitting are essential for effective rehabilitation.
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