NEUROENDOCRINE MECHANISMS OF COMORBIDITY BETWEEN ANXIETY-DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS AND HYPOTHYROIDISM
Keywords:
hypothyroidism; depression; anxiety disorder; neuroendocrine comorbidity; thyroid hormones; autoimmune thyroiditisAbstract
This review explores the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders with hypothyroidism. It summarizes current data on the impact of thyroid dysfunction on the central nervous system, including the interaction of thyroid hormones with neurotransmitter systems and the stress axis, as well as the role of autoimmune inflammation. Epidemiological studies confirming an increased risk of affective disorders in hypothyroidism, particularly in its manifest form, are presented. The phenomenon of "sickness behavior" is discussed as an adaptive response to hormonal deficiency. Key pathogenic pathways are outlined, explaining how thyroid hormone deficiency and accompanying immune alterations can contribute to the development of depression and anxiety. The conclusion emphasizes the multifactorial nature of this comorbidity and the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to its understanding.
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