MANAGEMENT OF OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Abstract

This article provides an overview of the literature on the issue of treatment of otitis media with effusion. Otitis media with effusion - polietiologic inflammatory disease of the middle ear, in its etiopathogenesis a key role is played by dysfunction of the auditory tube. Pathomorphological substrate of EOM is chronic catarrhal inflammation of the mucosa predominantly of meso-, hypotympanum and auditory tube, and clinical evidence - the presence of exudate in the tympanic cavity, no evidence of acute inflammation, and defects of the tympanic membrane. The most common cause of otitis media with effusion is respiratory viral infections, the second reason - acute otitis media. The prevalence of EOM depends on the age and, according to different authors, percentage of EOM of 1 year children - up to 35%; 3-5 years - 10-30%; 6-7 years - 3-10%; 9-10 years - 1-3%. Otitis media with effusion is the most common cause of hearing loss at children aged 2 to 7 years old – during the mass examinations of children 30.2% of cases of hearing loss are found. Studies of foreign authors confirm the resolution of most cases of otitis media with effusion;otherwise the patients are in need of treatment. Given the clinical course of the disease, the main complaint is of hearing loss, which affects patients’ life quality. Modern medicine considers many options of EOM treatment, including the alternative use of hearing aids to patients with a contraindication use of other types of treatment. In the more countries patients with otitis media with effusion are given medical or surgical treatment without active observation, which goes against the delaying tactic used in most European countries and the United States. Based on the above study of different treatment options for this disease is important and actual in the Republic of Uzbekistan and all over the world.