OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: MECHANISMS, CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT INSIGHTS
Keywords:
obstructive sleep apnea, cardiovascular disease, intermittent hypoxia, CPAP, hypertension, endothelial dysfunctionAbstract
This literature review explores the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), highlighting mechanisms such as chronic intermittent hypoxia, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. The paper discusses clinical implications of OSA on hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke, and evaluates the impact of treatments such as CPAP and weight loss. Emphasis is placed on emerging strategies for diagnosis and personalized interventions to mitigate CVD risks in OSA patients.
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