CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF IMMUNE MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Keywords:
breast cancer, cytokines, immune checkpoints, prognosis, PD-1, PD-L1, IL-6, TNF-α, TILs.Abstract
Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of death among women and is characterized by high biological heterogeneity, which determines the differences in response to therapy. Despite the development of molecular genetic methods and the introduction of immunotherapy, the problem of early prediction of treatment outcomes and the risk of recurrence remains unresolved. The work presents the results of a comprehensive clinical and immunological study of 290 patients with breast cancer who underwent treatment at oncology centers in Uzbekistan in 2020-2024. Lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine profile (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ), PD-1/PD-L1 expression, and their relationship with clinical characteristics and therapy responses were studied. It has been shown that an increase in IL-6 and TNF-α, a decrease in CD4/CD8, and the expression of PD-L1 are associated with more aggressive subtypes of the tumor and a high risk of progression. Prognostic indices have been developed that integrate clinical and immunological parameters, allowing for the assessment of the likelihood of recurrence and individual response to treatment. The obtained data form a scientific basis for personalizing breast cancer therapy and implementing immunological criteria in clinical practice.
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