СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ПЕРЕЛОМАХ АТЛАНТА (C1): ОТ ДИАГНОСТИКИ К ВЫБОРУ ТАКТИКИ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ (Литературный обзор)
Ключевые слова:
атлант, C1, перелом, поперечная связка, МСКТ, МРТ, AO Spine, хирургическое лечение, литературный обзорАннотация
Переломы первого шейного позвонка (C1, атлант) составляют 2–13% в структуре цервикального травматизма и отличаются вариабельностью клинической картины, сложностью диагностики и отсутствием единых стандартов лечения. В данном литературном обзоре систематизированы современные данные об эпидемиологии, диагностических алгоритмах, классификационных системах и терапевтических стратегиях при повреждениях атланта. Рассмотрена эволюция классификаций — от морфологических (Gehweiler, Jefferson) до биомеханических (Dickman, AO Spine). Проведён сравнительный анализ консервативного и хирургического лечения с учётом статуса поперечной связки атланта (TAL). Сделан вывод о необходимости мультимодального диагностического подхода и персонализированного выбора метода лечения на основе данных МСКТ и МРТ.
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