ЗРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ВЫЗВАННЫЕ ПОТЕНЦИАЛЫ: КЛЮЧ К ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ДЕМИЕЛИНИЗИРУЮЩИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОГО НЕРВА (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ И СОБСТВЕННЫЕ ДАНЫЕ)
Ключевые слова:
зрительные вызванные потенциалы, демиелинизация, оптический неврит, рассеянный склероз, NMOSD, MOGAD, латентность P100, амплитуда N75-P100Аннотация
Статья посвящена роли зрительных вызванных потенциалов (ЗВП) в диагностике демиелинизирующих процессов зрительного нерва. Целью исследования является систематизация данных о ЗВП, объединение существующей доказательной базы с клиническими наблюдениями и разработка практических алгоритмов. Демиелинизация при оптическом неврите, рассеянном склерозе и других заболеваниях проявляется удлинением латентности P100 и снижением амплитуды N75-P100. ЗВП позволяют выявлять субклинические поражения у 50-70% пациентов с рассеянным склерозом. Использование паттерн-реверсивных стимулов (PR-VEP) как золотого стандарта оценки центральных зрительных путей подтверждается собственными данными, демонстрирующими частичное восстановление функции зрительного нерва. Комбинация ЗВП с МРТ и ОКТ повышает точность диагностики. ЗВП являются неинвазивным методом для выявления демиелинизации, и их динамический мониторинг критически важен для оценки эффективности терапии.
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