THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND PROGNOSIS OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
Keywords:
insulin resistance, ischemic stroke, HOMA-IR, TyG index, endothelial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, biomarkersAbstract
Ischemic stroke remains one of the most pressing challenges in modern medicine and is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability. Alongside traditional risk factors such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity, increasing attention has recently been focused on the role of insulin resistance in the development of cerebrovascular diseases. Insulin resistance is not merely a disorder of glucose metabolism but a complex metabolic condition associated with endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, platelet hyperreactivity, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of the blood–brain barrier. These mechanisms may contribute to the development and severity of ischemic stroke and may also influence post-stroke functional recovery and the risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events. This article analyzes current scientific evidence on the major molecular and vascular mechanisms underlying the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, biomarkers used for its assessment, and its prognostic significance.
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