MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND IMMUNOGENETIC RESPONSE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Keywords:
Helicobacter pylori; children; molecular diagnostics; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); bismuth-containing preparations; gastritis and peptic ulcer; epidemiology; early detection strategiesAbstract
This article presents a systematic analysis of modern molecular methods for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection in children. The epidemiological features of the infection in the pediatric population, key bacterial virulence factors, and persistence mechanisms that contribute to the development of gastroduodenal and systemic pathologies are described. The sensitivity and specificity of invasive and non-invasive diagnostic techniques are compared, with particular attention to the advantages of PCR-based diagnostics. Against the background of increasing antibiotic resistance, the potential of personalized therapeutic strategies—including genotypic testing, probiotic supplementation, and bismuth-containing treatment regimens—is discussed. The findings highlight the necessity of implementing individualized approaches to the diagnosis and management of H. pylori infection in children.
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