АДЕНОМЫ ГИПОФИЗА: ОБЗОР
Keywords:
pituitary adenoma, acromegaly, Cushing’s disease, prolactinoma, nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma, incidentalomaAbstract
Prolactinomas and non-functional adenomas are the most common types for pituitary adenoma. In patients with pituitary adenomas, hormonal disorders can initially manifest, such as infertility, decreased libido and galactorrhea, or neurological disorders, such as headache and visual disorders. The diagnosis can also be established after visualization studies conducted in a patient with symptoms that are not associated with the investigation - this is determined by the term of incidentaloma. Increased secretion of hormones of pituitary can be manifested by classic clinical syndromes, the most common of which are hyperprolactinemia (prolactin hypersecretion), acromegaly (excessive elevation of growth hormone) and Cushing's disease (increased production of adrenocorticotropic hormone). If the patient is suspected, of pituitary adenoma it is important to evaluate the complete function of the pituitary, since hypopituitarism is common. The treatment of the pituitary gland depends on the specific type of lesion, and it needs a multidisciplinary approach with the involvement of neuroendocrinologists, neurosurgeons, ophthalmologists, radiologists, etc. if needed. Dopamin agonists are primary therapy for prolactinomas. Small non-functioning adenomas and prolactinomas in asymptomatic patients do not require immediate neurosurgical intervention and such patients can be observed.
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