ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIKDA MUROJAAT KATEGORIYASINI IFODALOVCHI TIL BIRLIKLARINING TADQIQI INGLIZ VA O'ZBEK TILLARI MISOLIDA
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Semantik turlar, murojaat, kategoriyalar, tadqiqot, til, ma’no, milliy, ma’naviyat, tarbiya, ong, yoshlik, talqin, tahlil, lingvistik vositalar, atamalar, kommunikativ-pragmatik, yondashuv.##article.abstract##
Ushbu maqola ingliz va oʻzbek tillaridagi murojaatlar kategoriyasini lingvopragmatik va lingvokulturologik xususiyatlariga bagʻishlangan boʻlib, ularning ilmiy-nazariy muammolari ham koʻrib chiqiladi. Biz inson, til va madaniyat o'rtasidagi ob'ektiv bog'liqlikni qadriyatlar tizimi sifatida aks ettiruvchi va umumiy madaniy qadriyatlarni, ijodiy qobiliyatlar, boshqa til egalari madaniy merosi, til normalari, urf-odatlarini tushunish orqali shaxsni rivojlantirishga imkon beradigan lingvomadaniy yondashuvning qo'llanilishiga guvoh bo'lishimiz mumkin. Bu, o‘z navbatida, milliy ma’naviyatni yuksaltirish, uni yoshlar ongiga singdirishda tilning ichki imkoniyatlarini puxta egallash alohida ahamiyat kasb etishini ko‘rsatadi. Zamonaviy tilshunoslikda muomala til kategoriyasi sifatida doimo tadqiqotchilarning diqqatini tortgan. Murojaat kategoriyasini semantik nuqtai nazardan o'rganish so'nggi paytlarda ko'proq kommunikativ-pragmatik omillar nuqtai nazaridan amalga oshirildi. Pragmatikaning ilmiy fan sifatida paydo bo'lishi tadqiqotchilarga suhbatdoshga ma'lum bir tarzda ta'sir qiluvchi nutq harakatining alohida turi sifatida murojaat qilish tendentsiyasini o'rganish imkonini beradi. Pragmatik omillar aylanma toifasining farqlanishini ta'minladi, ya'ni, har xil turdagi qo'ng'iroqlarning paydo bo'lishi. Yigirmanchi asrning oxiriga kelib murojaat kategoriyasining semantik turlari alohida tadqiqot mavzusiga aylandi. Shuningdek, murojaatning semantikasini boshqa murojaatlar maʼnolari orasida alohida mustaqil maʼno sifatida belgilash, uni ifodalovchi lingvistik vositalarni izohlash va tahlil qilish semantik va kommunikativ-pragmatik yondashuvlar nuqtai nazaridan koʻrib chiqiladi. Semantik yondashuv murojaatni ifodalash vositalari til tizimining turli darajalarida talqin qilinishi mumkin bo'lgan yagona shaxs ekanligini aniqlashga imkon beradi. Biroq jozibadorlikni ifodalovchi nutqiy til vositalari va uning semantikasini pragmatik omillarga murojaat qilmasdan oʻrganish koʻp jihatdan bir qator muammolarni keltirib chiqaradi, chunki pragmatik omillar jozibador semantikaga ega boʻlgan kommunikativ predikativ iboralarni oldindan belgilab beradi; murojaat semantikasini amalga oshirish uchun maxsus muvofiqlashtirilgan va nutq jarayonida paydo bo'ladigan lingvistik vositalarning xususiyatlarini har tomonlama o'rganishni taqqozo etadi.
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