END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE: EPIDEMIOLOGY, ETIOLOGY, AND EFFECTIVENESS OF RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY
Keywords:
end-stage renal disease, glomerulonephritis, heredity, diabetes mellitus, hemodialysis, arterial hypertension, transplantationAbstract
End-stage renal disease is the most severe stage of chronic kidney disease and is characterized by a marked decline in kidney function. This condition is associated with an increased risk of disability and mortality. Diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, glomerular disorders, hereditary factors, and chronic infections are among the most common causes of its development. In recent years, the number of patients with end-stage renal disease has continued to increase in many countries, resulting in a growing demand for renal replacement therapy. This article reviews the major etiological factors of the disease, its epidemiological characteristics, and the practical role of hemodialysis. In addition, selected clinical changes observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis and complications associated with treatment are discussed.
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