APHASIA: CONCEPT, POST-STROKE DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMS AND CURRENT CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION
Keywords:
aphasia, stroke, language centres, excitotoxicity, neuroplasticity, clinical classificationAbstract
Among all complications associated with acute cerebrovascular events, aphasia stands out as the most disabling language disorder, affecting roughly one in three stroke survivors globally. The consequent loss of communicative function simultaneously undermines social participation, professional reintegration, and psychological well-being. Drawing on publications from 2021 to 2026, this review examines the neuroanatomical substrate of language, the pathogenetic sequence that gives rise to post-stroke aphasia, and the classification frameworks currently applied in clinical and research settings.
References
GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 // Lancet Neurology. — 2021. — Vol. 20. — P. 795–820. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00252-0
Owolabi M.O., Thrift A.G., Mahal A. et al. Primary stroke prevention worldwide: translating evidence into action // Lancet Public Health. — 2022. — Vol. 7. — P. e74–85. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00230-9
Grawburg M., Howe T., Worrall L., Scarinci N. The global rate of post-stroke aphasia // Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. — 2022. doi: 10.1044/2022_PERSP-22-00111
Gronberg A., Henriksson I., Stenman M., Lindgren A.G. Incidence of aphasia in ischemic stroke // Neuroepidemiology. — 2022. — Vol. 56, № 3. — P. 174–182. doi: 10.1159/000520607
RELEASE Collaborators. Predictors of poststroke aphasia recovery // Stroke. — 2021. — Vol. 52, № 5. — P. 1778–1787. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031162
Northcott S., Simpson A., Moss B. et al. Aphasia and mental health: a systematic review // Aphasiology. — 2021. — Vol. 35, № 10. — P. 1218–1248.
Wilson S.M., Schneck S.M. Neuroplasticity in post-stroke aphasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of functional imaging studies of reorganization of language processing // Aphasiology. — 2021. — Vol. 35, № 3. — P. 359–400. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2019.1646809
Billot A., Kiran S. Disentangling neuroplasticity mechanisms in post-stroke language recovery // Brain and Language. — 2024. — Vol. 251. — P. 105381. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105381
Kristinsson S., den Ouden D.B., Rorden C. et al. Predictors of therapy response in chronic aphasia: Building a foundation for personalized aphasia therapy // Journal of Stroke. — 2022. — Vol. 24, № 2. — P. 189–206. doi: 10.5853/jos.2022.01102
Zhao Y., Zhang X., Chen X., Wei Y. Neuronal injuries in cerebral infarction and ischemic stroke: from mechanisms to treatment (Review) // International Journal of Molecular Medicine. — 2022. — Vol. 49. — P. 15. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5070
Han P.-P., Han Y., Shen X.-Y. et al. Enriched environment-induced neuroplasticity in ischemic stroke and its underlying mechanisms // Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. — 2023. — Vol. 17. — P. 1210361. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1210361
Hallowell B. Aphasia and Other Acquired Neurogenic Communication Disorders. — Plural Publishing, 2022.
Brady M.C., Kelly H., Godwin J. et al. Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke // Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. — 2022. — Issue 5. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000425
Farago P., Toth E., Klivenyi P. et al. Understanding recovery of language after stroke: insights from neurovascular MRI studies // Frontiers in Language Sciences. — 2023. — Vol. 2. — P. 1163547. doi: 10.3389/flang.2023.1163547
Buchl S.C., Seven N.A., Clark H.M. et al. Electroencephalogram (EEG) with or without transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as biomarkers for post-stroke recovery: a narrative review // Frontiers in Neurology. — 2022. — Vol. 13. — P. 827866. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.827866
