FREQUENCY OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC ATTACKS AND THE RISK OF ISCHEMIC STROKE DEVELOPMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Keywords:
transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, cerebrovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, carotid artery stenosis, duplex scanning, stroke preventionAbstract
Cerebrovascular diseases represent one of the most urgent medical and social problems worldwide, leading to high mortality, disability, and significant economic losses. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are of particular clinical importance due to their strong prognostic value, as a considerable proportion of ischemic strokes are preceded by TIAs. Atherosclerotic lesions of extracranial arteries, especially the carotid arteries, play a key role in the development of cerebral ischemia. Modern diagnostic methods, including duplex ultrasound scanning and assessment of intima–media thickness, enable early detection of vascular remodeling and risk stratification. This study summarizes current approaches to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of TIAs, with emphasis on pathogenetic heterogeneity, plaque morphology, and the effectiveness of conservative and surgical interventions aimed at reducing the risk of recurrent cerebrovascular events.
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