ETIOPATHOGENETIC AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE OF THE BRAIN
Keywords:
subarachnoid hemorrhage, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, dural arteriovenous fistula, intracranial arterial dissection.Abstract
This article presents a scientific analysis of the etiopathogenetic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The introduction outlines the definition of SAH, its high mortality rate, and its significant impact on patient health, as well as the principal etiological factors, including cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, arterial hypertension, and traumatic injuries. The paper describes the pathophysiological processes triggered by blood accumulation in the subarachnoid space, including increased intracranial pressure, impaired cerebral perfusion, the development of cerebral vasospasm due to hemolysis byproducts, and subsequent secondary ischemic changes. Clinical presentation is characterized by sudden onset, severe headache, meningeal signs, and impaired consciousness. The diagnostic value of computed tomography, lumbar puncture, and angiographic techniques is also discussed. This study contributes to a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of SAH and provides a scientific foundation for early diagnosis and timely preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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